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Section I. General Rules 127

Chapter Two ORAL ARGUMENT AND PREPARATION THEREFOR
Section I. General Rules
89. (Control of litigation by presiding judge)
1. The presiding judge shall control preparatory proceedings for oral argument and oral argument.
2. The presiding judge may allow statements, or prohibit persons failing to follow orders from making statements.
90. (Authority to request explanation, etc.)
1. In order to clarify any factual or legal ambiguity in the case, the court may, on the date set for preparatory proceedings for oral argument or on the date set for oral argument, question the parties or suggest that they present arguments or evidence on such matter.

2. The parties may ask the court to present any necessary questions to the other party on the date set for preparatory proceedings for oral argument or on the date set for oral argument.

3. The court may, on any date other than court dates, issue a finding that an explanation is required and order the parties to prepare to provide such an explanation at the next scheduled court date.

91. (Objection to control of action, etc.)
Where a party raises an objection to the control of preparatory proceedings for oral argument or oral argument, or to measures taken by the court pursuant to the provisions of Paragraph 1 of Article 90 (Authority to request explanation, etc.), the court shall render a decision on the objection via ruling.

92. (Duty of party to investigate)
Parties shall thoroughly investigate in advance the factual relevance of witnesses and other evidence in a case so that they can fully present and prove their allegations.

93. (Time for advancing offensive or defensive measures)
Offensive and defensive measures shall be advanced at the appropriate time in accordance with the progress of the litigation.

94. (Dismissal of offensive or defensive measures for late submission)
1. Where an offensive or defensive measure is advanced by a party after the proper time through willful intent or gross negligence, the court may dismiss such measure upon motion or on its own authority if it determines that the measure would delay the conclusion of the litigation.

2. Paragraph 1 shall also apply even where the purpose or effect of the offensive or defensive measure is unclear, in the event the party fails to provide a necessary explanation or fails to appear on the date on which such explanation is to be provided.

95. (Facts on which court may base judgment)
The court may not base its judgment on any fact that has not been alleged by either party.
96. (Admission)
1. Where a party does not make clear that such party contests a fact asserted by the adversary party at oral argument or at preparatory proceedings for oral argument, the party shall be deemed to have admitted such fact. However, this shall not apply where the court determines, based on all of the circumstances surrounding the progress of and what has been presented at the trial, that the party contested the fact.

2. Where a party states that he/she is ignorant of a fact alleged by the adversary party, such party shall be presumed to have contested the alleged fact.

97. (Attempt to compromise)
The court may attempt to effect a compromise settlement at any stage of the litigation.
98. (Loss of right to raise objection regarding proceedings)
1. Where the adversary party or the court conducts an act of litigation in violation of provisions of procedural law, a party may raise an objection thereto with the court and challenge its validity.

2. Where a party knows of, or reasonably could have known of the violation described in Paragraph 1 and fails to object without delay, the party loses the right to object. However, this shall not apply in cases where such right cannot be waived.

99. (Severance and consolidation of cases)
1. The court may order the severance or consolidation of cases via ruling, and may also rescind such a ruling.

2. Where the court orders, at oral argument, consolidation of cases in which the parties are different, if a party who has had no opportunity to examine a witness that has already been examined makes a motion to examine such witness, the court shall re-examine such witness.

100. (Presence of interpreter, etc.)
1. Where a person who participates in the proceedings of a civil litigation does not speak Khmer, or cannot hear or speak, the court shall ensure that a qualified interpreter is present. However, the court may question in writing persons who cannot hear or speak, or allow them to make statements in writing.

2. The provisions regarding expert witnesses shall apply mutatis mutandis to interpreters so long as they are not inconsistent with the nature of the activities performed thereby.

Section II. Preparatory Documents
101. (Preparatory documents)
1. The court may require parties to submit preparatory documents in connection with preparatory proceedings for oral argument or oral argument.
2. Preparatory documents shall set forth offensive or defensive measures as well as statements in opposition to the offensive or defensive measures of the other party. 3. The preparatory document initially submitted by the defendant shall set forth responses to the claims contained in the complaint, as well as an admission or denial of the facts alleged therein, facts that constitute affirmative defense, and other statements.

102. (Period for submission of preparatory documents)
The court may designate the period within which a defendant's initial preparatory document or a preparatory document containing allegations regarding a particular matter shall be submitted, or within which evidence regarding a particular matter must be offered.


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